Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Cystectomy a surgical procedure to remove the urinary bladder or a cyst. It is most commonly associated with bladder cancer treatment but can also address other conditions such as bladder dysfunction or congenital abnormalities. LAP cystectomy is usually suggested as the easiest and pain free procedure to remove the cysts and prevent risks.

Vaginal Hysterectomy a surgical procedure to remove the uterus through the vagina. It is commonly performed to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, prolapse, cancer, or chronic pelvic pain. During this procedure an incision is made inside the vagina, the uterus is detached from the surrounding tissues and removed through the vaginal opening. In some cases, the procedure may also involve the removal of the cervix (total vaginal hysterectomy) and other organs such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy TLH also removes the uterus and cervix through small abdominal incisions. TAH or total abdominal hysterectomy is also done to remove the uterus.

A myomectomy is a surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids, which are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often occurs during pregnancy, while preserving the uterus. This procedure can be done in many ways: Abdominal Myomectomy: An open surgery where an incision is made in the abdomen to remove fibroids. 2. Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A minimally invasive procedure where small incisions are made and fibroids are removed using specialized instruments. 3. Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: A procedure where fibroids are removed through the vagina and cervix using a hysteroscope.

A hymenectomy is a surgical procedure to remove or open the hymen. It is usually performed for medical reasons where the hymen covers the entire vaginal opening, blocking menstrual flow and causing pain or when the hymen has a band of extra tissue, causing pain or difficulty with tampon use or intercourse and also when the hymen has only one or several small openings. The procedure involves making a small incision to remove or create an opening in the hymen to manage symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. Laparotomies are performed involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity to treat various conditions like cysts, fibroids, endometriosis, pelvic diseases and also treating reproductive organ cancers. We also do procedures like TOT Transobturator tape and TVT Tension free vaginal tape to support the urethra and help in preventing urine leakage.

PPS and LAP PPS Post partum sterilization is the birth control performed after childbirth. It can be done laparoscopically as well that removes both fallopian tubes preventing from becoming pregnant again.

Some of the conditions effectively treated with these procedures include: Endometriosis a medical condition a tissue lining inside the uterus that is called endometrium starts to grow outside the uterus. This tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other organs within the pelvis. This causes pain during menstrual cycle, intercourse, bowel movements and urination. Lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms. Uterine fibroids or myomas are noncancerous growth of the uterus that leads to heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, frequent urination, constipation and backache. It can be caused by genetic changes, hormonal changes etc. Medications and in some cases laparoscopic procedures may be needed. Ovarian cysts are fluid sacs that develop inside or on the ovary. Most of them go on their own without treatment. Medications can help but if the cysts are large and persistent then surgery is required.

Cervical Dysplasia is the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix which are precancerous that could develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. It can be caused by Human Papillomavirus infection, smoking or a family history. Treatments include Cryotherapy, laser therapy and cone biopsy to remove the cone shaped piece of tissue from the cervix. Cervical cancer affects the cells of cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It can be treated if detected early. Surgical Treatments includes hysterectomy, radiation, chemo, targeted and immunotherapy. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer seen in the ovaries that produce eggs. Symptoms include bloating, abdominal pain, fatigue, back pain, constipation and menstrual irregularities. Surgeries and radiation therapy are used to remove the tumor. Uterine cancer also called endometrial cancer seen in the lining of uterus called the endometrium. Hysterectomy is often done to remove the uterus including the ovaries and fallopian tubes, radiation, chemo and hormonal therapy are also done. Vulvar cancer occurs on the external female genitalia, the vulva. It can be caused by weak immune system, smoking or conditions like lichen sclerosus can increase the risk. The areas of the vulva might become red or darker than usual, unusual bleeding and discharge not related to menstruation. Treatment includes surgery to remove the tumor, radiation, chemo and targeted therapy are often used. Vaginal cancer forms in the tissues of the vagina. Symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding, watery vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, lump in the vagina and pain during intercourse. Surgery is recommended to remove the tumor and radiation, chemo, targeted therapy are used. Mullerian cancer develops in the female reproductive tract including the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and upper portion of the vagina. Endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer and cervical cancers are all mullerian cancers. Early detection of these leads to better outcomes. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus which happens in one of the fallopian tubes and that is called tubal pregnancy. Treatments include medications and laparoscopic surgery to remove the ectopic pregnancy and regular follow-ups to ensure the levels of hCG. If left untreated this can cause the fallopian tube to burst leading to life threatening internal bleeding.